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Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2006 1(1):26-36; doi:10.1093/scan/nsl002
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© The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internal vs external cues

David M. Amodio1, Jennifer T. Kubota2, Eddie Harmon-Jones3 and Patricia G. Devine4

1New York University, New York, NY, 2University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 3Texas A&M University, College Station, TX and 4University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

Personal (internal) and normative (external) impetuses for regulating racially biased behaviour are well-documented, yet the extent to which internally and externally driven regulatory processes arise from the same mechanism is unknown. Whereas the regulation of race bias according to internal cues has been associated with conflict-monitoring processes and activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), we proposed that responses regulated according to external cues to respond without prejudice involves mechanisms of error-perception, a process associated with rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activity. We recruited low-prejudice participants who reported high or low sensitivity to non-prejudiced norms, and participants completed a stereotype inhibition task in private or public while electroencephalography was recorded. Analysis of event-related potentials revealed that the error-related negativity component, linked to dACC activity, predicted behavioural control of bias across conditions, whereas the error-perception component, linked to rACC activity, predicted control only in public among participants sensitive to external pressures to respond without prejudice.

Keywords: prejudice; stereotyping; brain; internal motivation; external motivation; regulation; control; automatic; anterior cingulate; rostral cingulate; ERPs

Correspondence should be addressed to David M. Amodio, Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, 10003 NY, USA. E-mail: david.amodio{at}nyu.edu


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