Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance Access originally published online on April 26, 2007
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2007 2(2):140-149; doi:10.1093/scan/nsm010
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Perception of dynamic changes in facial affect and identity in autism
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 2Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, 3Department of Psychology, Yale University, and 4Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University
Despite elegant behavioral descriptions of abnormalities for processing emotional facial expressions and biological motion in autism, identification of the neural mechanisms underlying these abnormalities remains a critical and largely unmet challenge. We compared brain activity with dynamic and static facial expressions in participants with and without high-functioning autism using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and three classes of face stimuli—emotion morphs (fearful and angry), identity morphs and static images (fearful, angry and neutral). We observed reduced activity in the amygdala (AMY) and fusiform gyrus (FFG) to dynamic emotional expressions in people with autism. There was also a lack of modulation by dynamic compared with static emotional expressions of social brain regions including the AMY, posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and FFG. We observed equivalent emotion and identity morph-evoked activity in participants with and without autism in a region corresponding to the expected location of the more generally motion-sensitive area MT or V5. We conclude that dysfunctions in key components of the human face processing system including the AMY, FFG and posterior STS region are present in individuals with high-functioning autism, and this dysfunction might contribute to the deficits in processing emotional facial expressions.
Keywords: autism; amygdala; emotion; face processing; fMRI
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr Kevin A. Pelphrey, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 9 Flowers Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0086, USA. E-mail: kevin.pelphrey{at}duke.edu.
Received December 24, 2006. Accepted March 22, 2007.
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