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Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance Access originally published online on March 20, 2009
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2009 4(3):294-304; doi:10.1093/scan/nsp009
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© The Author (2009). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

What motivates repayment? Neural correlates of reciprocity in the Trust Game

Wouter van den Bos1,2, Eric van Dijk1, Michiel Westenberg1,2, Serge A.R.B. Rombouts1,2,3 and Eveline A. Crone1,2,3

1Leiden University—Department of Psychology, 2Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition and 3Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands

Reciprocity of trust is important for social interaction and depends on individual differences in social value orientation (SVO). Here, we examined the neural correlates of reciprocity by manipulating two factors that influence reciprocal behavior: (1) the risk that the trustor took when trusting and (2) the benefit for the trustee when being trusted. FMRI results showed that anterior Medial Prefrontal Frontal Cortex (aMPFC) was more active when participants defected relative to when participants reciprocated, but was not sensitive to manipulations of risk and benefit or individual differences in SVO. However, activation in the temporal-parietal-junction (rTPJ), bilateral anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was modulated by individual differences in SVO. In addition, these regions were differentially sensitive to manipulations of risk for the trustor when reciprocating. In contrast, the ACC and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the benefit for the trustee when reciprocating. Together, the results of this study provide more insight in how several brain regions work together when individuals reciprocate trust, by showing how these regions are differentially sensitive to reciprocity motives and perspective-taking.

Keywords: decision-making; trust game; reciprocity; social cognition; fMRI

Correspondence should be addressed to Wouter van den Bos, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2300 RB, Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: wbos{at}fsw.leidenuniv.nl

Received December 1, 2008. Accepted February 9, 2009.


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